Video Notes:
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth
Vibrissae/whiskers------------->upper lip of rabbit
philtrum-------------> upper lip of man
Vestibule-------------> space between lip and gum / cheek and gum
Buccal cavity and pharynx separated by isthmus.
Jacobson organ------------->Present on upper jaw of rabbit (take smell)
Palate
Soft palate------------->Have uvula(Uvula or venum)
Hard palate------------->Have rugae
Teeth of mammal------------->thecodont, diphyodont, heterodont
Teeth of frog------------->acrodont, polyphyodont, homodont
Tusk of elephant is modified upper incisor and tusk of walrus is modified canine.
Enamel is hardest substance in body.
Ectodermal origin and secreted by amyloblast cell.
Dentine is mesodermal in origin and secreted by odontoblast cell.
Man------------->2 1 2 3/ 2 1 2 3 (adult 20+)
Man-------------> 2 1 0 2/ 2 1 0 2 (Child)
Rabbit------------->2 0 3 3 / 1 0 2 3
Tongue
endodermal origin
Divided into oral(2/3) and pharyngeal (1/3) by sulcus terminalis.
Nuhn’s gland/ Ebner’s gland / Weber glans or mucus secreting gland on upper surface of tongue.
Filliform------------->small and many (No taste buds)
Fungiform------------->Mushroom shaped, medium, less
Foliate-------------> in rabbit (man absent)
Circumvallate------------->largest, least, posterior
Sweet------------->tip
Salt------------->middle
Sour------------->side
Bitter------------->posterior
3 pairs of salivary gland in man, 4 pairs in rabbit.
Parotid------------->stenson’s duct(Largest in size)
Sub-maxillary/sub-mandibular------------->wharton’s duct(maximum secretion)
Sub-lingual------------->duct of ruvinus
Infra orbital salivary gland
Epiglottis absent in frog.
Oesophagus
Peristalsis, only mucous gland, voluntary and involuntary also mixed
Stomach
Peritoneal covering is ometum. Folds are rugae.
Fundus absent in frog.
Oxyntic/parietal cell------------->HCl
Zymogen/peptic/chief cell------------->pepsinogen, pro-renin, lipase
Mucous/goblet cell------------->Mucus
Argentaffin cell------------->Somatostatin(deactivate gastric gland)
G-cell------------->Gastrin(activate gastric gland)
Intestine
Duodenum------------->Brunner’s gland(only in duodenum)
Common bile duct open anteriorly and pancreatic duct in distal part.
In human hepato-pancreatic duct open in middle of duodenum.
Peyer’s patches------------->phagocytic cell of intestine
Crypts of Liberkuhn has parieth cell secreting lysozyme which kill germ/bacteria.
Succus entericus------------->Secretion of Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Sacculus rotundus is terminal bulb like part of ileum in rat and rabbit(not in man).
Colon
Pouch haustra
E. coli present I colon (vit B2, B12, K2 synthesis)
Rectum is retroperitoneal (like oesophagus tunica adventia is outermost layer.)
Muscularis layer consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal layer except in stomach.
Liver lobes
3 frog @(4 letters -1)
4 human @(5 letter -1)
5 rabbit @(6 letter -1)
Glisson’s capsule -------------> characteristic feature of mammal
Billirubin------------->yellow
Billiverdin------------->green
Pancreas
Wirssung’s duct is main and sentorni is accessory pancreatic duct.
Hepatopancreatic duct has spincter of oddi and ampulla of vater.
α-cell------------->glucagon (increase sugar level)
β-cell------------->insulin
δ -cell------------->somatostatin(inhibit gastrin and secretin)
pp-cell------------->polypeptide(inhibit pancreatic juice)