What is Reproduction?
What is the function of reproductive system?
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male reproductive system
Abdomen, testes connected by inguinal canal
- Human --------------->
Scrotal Testes
- Elephant, Whale
---------------> Abdominal testes
- Rabbit ---------------> Migratory testes
Interstitial cells of leydig secete testosterone
under influence of leutenizing hormone (LH)
Condition in which testes do not descend into
the scrotum is called crypto orchidism
Spermatogenesis
Germinal epithelial cell
One primary spermatocyte = Four Sperm
One secondary sperm atocyte =Two Sperms
Spermatogonia (2n) ---------------> Primary
spermatocytes (2n) ---------------> Secondary spermatocyte (n)
---------------> Spermatids (n) ---------------> Spermatozoa (n)
Spermatids undergo spermeogenesis to form
spermatozoa
Sperms remain alive and retain their ability to
fertilize ovum from 24 to 48hrs after being released in female tract
Capacitation ---------------> Sperm develop
capacity to fertilize ovum that develops in fallopian tube
Acrosome formed from golgicomplex contains
digestive enzymes spermlysine (Hyaluronidase)
Middle piece (Mitochondria) contain mitochondria
surrounding axonema called nabenkern sheath and cytoplasm around mitochondria
is manchette
Scortum is made up of dartos muscle
Seminiferous tubules ---------------> Rete
Testes (Straight Tubules) ---------------> Ductus epididymis (Wolffian Duct)
--------------->Ductus deferens (Vas deferens) --------------->
Ejaculatory duct
Accessory sex glands
Seminal vesicles (Alkaline including fructose )
Prostrate gland (Acidic )
Cowper’s gland (Bullbourethral gland ) (Alkaline
seceration neutralize acid from urine)
Surgical removal of prepuce in muslims and jews
is circumcision.
Left testes is lower than right.
Perineal or rectal glands are absent in man.
Female reproductive organ
Ovule
- During
birth---------------------> stop at diplotene stage
- Ovulation--------------------->
stop at meiosis II (metaphase- II)
Estrogen secreted by granulosa cells of griffin
follicle.
Progestrone secreted by corpus luteum.
Ovum dies after 24 hours if not fertilized,
resulting menstruation and corpus luteum degenerate into corpus ablicans.
Ovum if fertilized gets implanted at endometrium
at the blastocyst stage and placenta secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG)
which maintain corpus luteum after pregnancy.
Menstrual phase occur in primates and oestrous
cycle occur in non-primates.
- 1 to
4--------------------->Menstrual/bleeding phase
- 5 to 14
--------------------->Follicular , proliferative phase, estrogen
- 15 to 28 ---------------------> Luteal, secretory, progestron, constant(about 14 days)
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla---------------------->site
of fertilization
- Isthmus
Isthmus separate body and cervix.
Uterus histology
- Perimatrium
- Myomatrium
- Endomatrium
Endomatrium consists of stratum basilis and
stratum functionalis.
Stratum functionalis sloughs off during
menstruation.
Upper uterus lined by columnar epithellum and
lower part of uterus lined by squamous epithelium.
The common area (transition zone) is common site
of cervical cancer.
Uterine prolapse is common among multiple births
and aged womwn.
Pap’s smear test is screening test for cervical
cancer.
Vagina lined by non-keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium.
Hymen often torn during first coitus.
Bartholin’s gland secrete alkaline fluid which
act as lubricant during sexual intercourse.
Homologous organs
|
Male |
Female |
|
Scrotum |
Labia majora |
|
Spongy(penile) urethra |
Labia minora |
|
Penis |
Clitoris |
|
Cowper’s/ Bulbourethral gland |
Bartholin’s/ greater vestibular gland |
|
Prostrate gland |
Paraurethral (Skene’s gland) |